The chronology
1831
Overview
For the land at the mouth of Turtle Creek, 1831 was a year in which regional Indian affairs dominated. By a treaty made at Green Bay on February 8, the Menomonee Indians ceded all their lands east of Green Bay, Winnebago lake, and the Fox and Milwaukee rivers, and a township on the east side of Lake Winnebago was secured to the Stockbridges. Difficulties arose between settlers and Indians over occupation of lands, the governor of Illinois declared the State invaded and sent militia, and disturbances began among the Sauk and Fox Indians over disaffection with treaties for the sale of their lands in Illinois. Black Hawk recrossed the river with his women and children, three hundred warriors, and allies, established himself in his ancient hunting grounds, ordered whites away, and threw down their fences, unroofed houses, cut up grain, and drove off or killed cattle. General Gaines made a demonstration before Black Hawk's village on June 25, the Indians withdrew that night, and on June 30 signed a treaty of peace agreeing never to return to the east side. Black Hawk's war party also retaliated for murders committed by Menomonees and Sioux in 1830, killing twenty-seven Menomonees near Fort Crawford, after which Indian agent Joseph Street demanded surrender of the murderers. Rev. Cutting Marsh wrote that the Winnebagoes near the lake of that name then numbered 4,300. ↗ ↗ ↗ ↗ ↗ (+4 more)
Regionally, a mill was built at Whitney's rapids, below Point Bass, in what was then Indian territory. Lewis Cass left the governorship of Michigan Territory when appointed secretary of war by President Jackson. ↗ ↗ ↗
These include births in England, Scotland, Norway, the Shetland Isles, Canada, and numerous New England, New York, Ohio, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania localities; marriages in Vermont, New York, Ohio, Connecticut, and Scotland; Casson's voyage from Liverpool in November, landing in New York on December 27; a family's arrival at Quebec; the Stockman children's move with their parents to Philadelphia; and a future Beloit resident, born in Ireland and raised in Harrisburg, Penn., leaving home. ↗ ↗ ↗ ↗ ↗ (+12 more)
Month by month
- February 8, 1831A treaty was made at Green Bay between the Menomonee Indians and the United States, by which the Menomonees ceded all their lands east of Green bay, Winnebago lake, and the Fox and Milwaukee rivers. By the treaty dated February 8, 1831, a township of land on the east side of Lake Winnebago was secured to the Stockbridges.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- Spring 1831Black Hawk recrossed the river with his women and children, three hundred warriors of his own tribe, and allies from the Potawattamies and Kickapoos, and established himself in his ancient hunting grounds.The regionGrade A · 3 independent sources
- Spring 1831Black Hawk ordered the whites away, threw down their fences, unroofed their houses, cut up their grain, drove off and killed their cattle, and threatened the people with death if they did not leave; he ordered the settlers to leave the locality or be removed by force.The regionGrade A · 2 independent sources
- Spring 1831The settlers appealed to John Reynolds, governor of Illinois, for protection.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- Spring 1831Disturbances among the Sauk and Fox Indians on the north-western frontier commenced, the immediate cause being disaffection with existing treaties for the sale of their lands in Illinois.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- April 19, 1831Subscribers, among them John P. Houston, subscribed to build a meeting house in Bedford.Nation and worldGrade A · 1 independent source
- June 25, 1831Gaines made a demonstration before Black Hawk's village, and the Indians withdrew that night to the west bank of the Mississippi.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- June 30, 1831The Indians signed a treaty of peace with General Gaines and Governor Reynolds, agreeing never to return to the east side.The regionGrade A · 2 independent sources
During 1831
Events the sources date only to the year.
- 1831Death of the father of a future Magnolia Township landowner.BeloitGrade A · 1 independent source
- 1831Lewis Cass was appointed secretary of war by President Jackson, ending his tenure as governor of Michigan Territory.Nation and worldGrade A · 1 independent source
- 1831A mill was built at Whitney's rapids, below Point Bass, in what was then Indian territory.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- 1831Rev. Cutting Marsh, the missionary, wrote that the whole number of Winnebagoes near the lake of that name was then 4,300.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source
- 1831Difficulties arose between the settlers and the Indians in relation to the occupation of the lands; the governor of Illinois declared the State invaded, asked the United States to drive the Indians beyond the Mississippi, and sent a force of militia on to the ground.The regionGrade A · 2 independent sources
- 1831Soon after the treaty, Black Hawk and his war party retaliated for murders committed by Menomonees and Sioux in 1830 by attacking and killing twenty-seven Menomonees near Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien; General Joseph Street, the United States Indian agent there, on complaint of the Menomonees, demanded the surrender of the Sac murderers for trial under existing treaty provisions.The regionGrade A · 1 independent source