The land through time

The region

• 1820 The Winnebagoes had five villages on Winnebago lake and fourteen on Rock river.
• Spring 1820 A garrison/community located on the rich bottomlands along the south bank of the St. Peter's removed to an eminence on the west bank of the Mississippi, a mile from the old cantonment.
• Fall 1820 The expedition party, on its return down the lake, was becalmed near the islands in Lake Erie; Schoolcraft took a boat accompanied by Maj. Delafield.

The region

• 1822 White miners invaded the lead regions formerly worked by Sauks and Foxes, as they had begun to in 1821; the Winnebagoes were in possession and claimed that country.
• 1822 White miners were working the lead mines under the protection of United States troops.
• 1822 Migration to Wisconsin from the State of New York of the remains or portions of the Oneida, Stockbridge, Munsee and Brothertown tribes commenced, continuing at intervals through some following years.

Nation and world

• 1822 The Sacs and Foxes concluded a treaty with the United States by which they relinquished their right to have the United States establish a trading house or factory, and were paid one thousand dollars in merchandise.

Beloit

• 1823 1823 (about; the passage gives "about 1823 or 182J") — Thiebault, a French-Canadian trader, made his home at what is now Beloit.

The region

• Summer 1823 Summer 1823 — Squatters began taking possession of the rich land occupied by the Sacs toward the mouth of Rock river.
• Fall 1823 Autumn 1823 — In company with his father, a man erected a saw-mill on the Vandermark Creek; a second passage states that the father came out in 1823 and united with him in erecting the first sawmill on the Vandermark creek, which they got to running the last day of that year.
• 1823 1823 — Rev. Eleazar Williams, in the employ of the Episcopal Missionary Society, started a school of white and half-breed children on the west side of Fox river, opposite " Shanty-Town."

Nation and world

• March 1823 March 3, 1823 — An act of congress was approved authorizing the electors of the Territory of Michigan to choose eighteen by ballot at the next election of the delegate for that territory.

The property

• 1824 Thiebault, a Frenchman, established himself at the Turtle village, probably about this year.

The region

• 1824 A good sized two-story house on Vandermark creek was enclosed.
• 1824 The lead ore in the southwestern part of Wisconsin began to attract attention.
• 1824 Henry S. Baird, of Brown county, was appointed district attorney.

Nation and world

• May 2, 1824 Congress granted quarter sections of land to counties for seats of justice / county buildings; the two passages give different approval dates.
• 1824 Major Long's expedition took place.

The region

• 1825 The Winnebagoes' territorial claim was extensive, its southeast boundary stretching from the source of Rock river to within forty miles of its mouth, where they had a village.
• August 19, 1825 A treaty of peace was made at Prairie du Chien settling boundaries between the Winnebagoes and other tribes (the 1879 history gives the date as August 19; the 1908 history gives only the year 1825).
• 1825 The Winnebagoes' general claim extended north to the Chippewa country.

Nation and world

• February 5, 1825 An act of congress was approved increasing the legislative council to thirteen members.

Beloit

• 1826 The subject of P56 commenced the study of law in the office of S. G.

The region

• February 6, 1826 A treaty was proclaimed between the Sioux and Chippewa, Sac and Fox, Menomonee, Iowa, Winnebago, and a portion of the Ottawa, Chippewa and Pottawatomie tribes, for promoting peace and establishing boundaries; the Winnebago country it created was bounded on the southeast by Rock River.
• 1826 A great rush of miners to the lead region of southwestern Wisconsin began, continuing to 1830.
• December 22, 1826 A county named Chippewa was formed from the northern portions of Michilimackinac, including the southern shores of Lake Superior and, within its southern boundary of 46° 31' north latitude, all the territory of the present State of Wisconsin bordering on Lake Superior.

The region

• 1827 Mining at Fever river, Illinois, was extended into the Winnebago country and caused an Indian uprising that year.
• June 1827 The Winnebago Indians were aroused to open acts of hostility, and murders became frequent.
• 1827 The Winnebago War occurred, by which the United States gained control of the lead mines.

Nation and world

• January 29, 1827 An act of congress was approved authorizing the electors of the territory to elect the members of the legislative council, without submitting names to the president for appointment.

The region

• 1828 The Winnebago war took place; P41 describes it as a war between Colonel Dodge and Chief Red Bird, in which Red Bird gave himself up.
• 1828 Government soldiers made the first recorded cutting of lumber on the stream, at the building of Fort Winnebago.
• August 25, 1828 The United States made a treaty at Green Bay with the Winnebago and other tribes, to remove difficulties arising from white occupation of the unceded mining country of southwestern Wisconsin. P4 names the Winnebagoes, Pottawattamies and other tribes; P41 calls it a provisional treaty made by Lewis Cass and Pierre Minard with the Winnebago, Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawattomie Indians; P1 records that a treaty with the Indians to secure the right to occupy the lead regions was made in 1828, without giving a day.

Beloit

• 1829 The father of Captain John P. Houston built a bridge and made that his business.

The region

• July 29, 1829 A treaty was made at Prairie du Chien with the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawattamies. Three passages date it July 29 ; P6 instead dates the Prairie du Chien treaty at which the country to the south was ceded as July 19, 1829. The cession is described two ways: P5 says these nations ceded all lands they claimed in the northwestern part of Illinois; P53 says they ceded to the United States all their land south of the Wisconsin river and covered by the Sac and Fox cession of 1804, including the lead regions and the whole of the present county.
• 1829 Fort Crawford was built on that tract (construction spanned 1829, 1830 and 1831).
• August 1, 1829 A second treaty was made at Prairie du Chien, with the Winnebagoes. P5 states that the nation ceded and relinquished all right, title and claim to all their lands south of the Wisconsin river, confirming the purchase of the lead-mine region; P53 states that the Winnebagoes ceded the lead regions.